Deflationary Spiral Definition

The Chinese government, Chinese Communist Party , and various proxies have rapidly expanded their influence over media production and dissemination channels abroad. As a result, the CCP has enhanced its ability to interfere aggressively in other countries, should it choose to do so.

Sudan’s revolution, like the Arab Spring before it, has showcased both the positive and the negative potential of social media. At a time when the harmful aspects of these platforms are being exposed and debated around the world, the fact that they have also delivered vital benefits should not be forgotten. Chinese government obstruction or imposition of penalties on outlets viewed as critical, in addition to limiting their audience, can prompt stock losses and dent income from advertising. The 2012 blocking of the Chinese-language web edition of theNew York Times, for example, resulted in lost advertising revenue and a 20 percent overnight drop in the paper’s stock value. Chinese government representatives also pressure businesses not to place advertisements in critical outlets. As a result of such efforts, Hong Kong’sApple Dailylost advertising contracts from players in the lucrative real estate industry and two London-based investment banks. In 2019, the paper’s remaining advertisers have faced strident public denunciations from former Hong Kong chief executive CY Leung, currently the vice chairman of a mainland government advisory body.

There is a great deal of evidence that internet gambling is spiralling rapidly out of control. Baker and Klatt is a law firm that gets a large portion of its revenue from corporate clients. In Year 2, BKs billable hours for corporate clients were up 20 percent from Year 1 levels, but, as the following data show, profits from corporate clients were the same in Year 2 as in Year 1….

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Citizens could easily forget this amid media mudslinging and incendiary commentary. Political leaders and teachers should reiterate the extent to which we all benefit from professional journalists who hold those in power to account. Ensure that their actions do not excuse or inspire violations of press freedom. Democratic nations have a particularly important role to play in maintaining media freedom.

Harold Averkamp has worked as a university accounting instructor, accountant, and consultant for more than 25 years. With a fresh decline of 0.10%, the rupee has depreciated by 12.91% (or Rs20.35) since the start of the current fiscal year on July 1, 2021, data released by the central bank revealed. The local currency closes at Rs177.89 against the greenback in the interbank market surpassing Friday’s record low of Rs177.71.

Example Of Death Spiral

The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. The accumulating bad debts ripple through the economy up to the financial sector, which must then write them off as losses. Financial institutions begin to collapse, removing much-needed liquidity from the system and also reducing the supply of credit to those seeking new loans. Learn more about this topic, accounting and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below. We are provide paid service that requires a payment via a credit card, or a PayPal account.

In the 65 countries covered by Freedom House’sFreedom on the Net 2018report, 32 had instances in which paid progovernment commentators intervened on social media, including WhatsApp, usually to smear the political opposition or critical journalists. Bloggers and journalists in Belarus and Armenia have used Facebook Live and other live-streaming services to challenge the government’s claims on the size or goal of antigovernment protests, and to document security forces’ often heavy-handed response. In Venezuela, activist media start-ups like Efecto Cocuyo (“Firefly Effect”) use the live-streaming platform Periscope to provide an alternative to the dominant progovernment news outlets.

In Hungary, the government and progovernment media have turned into a major source of parallel reality narratives. In 2019, a leaked video recording showed a reporter from the state broadcaster instructing a progovernment expert on what to say. The degree of ownership consolidation seen in Hungary has yet to take hold in Serbia.

Import tariffs and counter tariffs are contributing to the slowdown in manufacturing expansion. Although any number above 50 indicates expansion, nearly all PMI sub-indexes declined from September. Employment also dropped – by two percent to 56.8 – largely due to the production slowdown. Supplier deliveries registered 63.8 percent, a 2.7-percentage point increase from September, while inventories registered 50.7%, a decrease of 2.6 percentage points.

Press & Media

The Chinese government and its partners have also found ways to provide other advantages to Chinese state media abroad relative to competitors. For example, after overseeing the transition from analog to digital television in a number of countries in Africa, StarTimes has prioritized Chinese state media channels in its package offerings at the expense of independent international news stations. In Kenya, Uganda, and Nigeria, television packages that include channels like BBC World Service cost more than basic versions with local channels and Chinese state media. More generally, as Beijing has expanded its aid and investment in foreign media sectors, it has tended to favor state-owned outlets over independent, private competitors, mirroring the media landscape in China.

His low morale was affecting–we could even say infecting–his peers and his direct reports. Though smart and well-intentioned, Marc had started alienating Bill–who began as his top performer–right from the start. Barb was also a featured blogger on the b2b Website Allbusiness.com and helped launchElectronics Sourcing North America, a start-up magazine serving purchasing professionals in the Americas. Recognizing that bots can be used for both helpful and harmful purposes, and acknowledging their role in spreading disinformation, companies should strive to provide clear labeling for suspected bot accounts.

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By 2030, generics manufacturers will need to shift from the status quo and explore one of three avenues for change. Whoever triggers the labeling process, chances are it will soon be activated in both directions, producing a vicious spiral not easily stopped.

CNBC reported that Peloton is working with management-consulting firm McKinsey on cost structure and staffing. Advanced Search Click here to search products using title name,author name and keywords. In the Rocky Mountains, Opal prices tumbled 17.5 cents to $1.315, and in the Midcontinent, OGT fell 10.5 cents to $1.265. EBW and others, however, say forecasts call for more heat later this month and a relatively hot summer overall that should drive more energy use, bolster cash prices and serve as an impetus for gas futures.

In the United States and in Europe, the profound change that came with the spread of online news and the collapse of the traditional advertising market has sent outlets and owners scrambling for profits by prioritizing content that spurs outrage. The growing prominence of fake news and disinformation has further fed into political polarization, contributing to a cycle of decreasing trust. In the United States, fewer than half the population say they trust the media; the figure is around one-third in Italy and the United Kingdom, and only one-fourth in Turkey or Russia.

Among Free countries in Freedom House’sFreedom in the Worldreport, 19 percent have endured a reduction in their press freedom scores over the past five years. This is consistent with a key finding ofFreedom in the World—that democracies in general are undergoing a decline in political rights and civil liberties. It has become painfully apparent that a free press can never be taken for granted, even when democratic https://accounting-services.net/ rule has been in place for decades. Now, public policy is all about a Lesser America, where we cling to whatever we have, invest little in our future, and irritably accept a shabbiness creeping over the country. Each of these represents a unique challenge, but each can be overcome by aligning your marketing, merchandising, and finance teams on a trajectory charted by data-driven customer insights.

Some economists argue that many of the assumptions of the phenomenon of a deflationary spiral are based on the logical implications of expectations within formal economic models. Even though certain popular macroeconomic theories might predict this chain of events, in reality, it doesn’t actually happen. Those that criticize downward demand spiral these theories might also say that formal models are not a good description of human action. In the absence of deflationary policies, deflation does not always occur, and not to the extreme that would cause a deflationary spiral. Central banks use monetary policy to halt a deflationary spiral and spur demand.

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In Hungary, the governing Fidesz party has all but consolidated its control over the media, and has built a parallel reality where government messages and disinformation reinforce each other. These CCP efforts to conceal the origin, scale, and nature of Chinese state media involvement abroad compromise the integrity of resulting public debate, and erode cultures of transparency at outside media operations. This essay is the first in a series of four on the links between media freedom and democracy.

Journalist, writer, and award-winning blogger Reem Abbas is covering human rights and politics in Sudan at a critical juncture in its history. In April, after four months of massive protests, Sudan’s authoritarian president Omar al-Bashir was removed from power in a palace coup. The events brought about the end of a 30-year reign marred by the violent repression of dissidents, including journalists. While Sudan’s political fate remains uncertain, al-Bashir’s removal has granted journalists like Abbas a reprieve from the repressive environment he cultivated.

• The best remedy for bad or erroneous speech remains more and better speech, not enforced silence.
• Democratic countries must work to build a media environment that prioritizes independent and accurate reporting and guarantees access to quality information for all segments of the population.
• To avoid the death spiral, some companies attempt to allocate overhead costs based on activities and product complexities rather than simply spreading them on volume.
• What’s more, a label tends to elicit behavior consistent with that label–even though the label is unspoken.
• In Hungary, the governing Fidesz party has all but consolidated its control over the media, and has built a parallel reality where government messages and disinformation reinforce each other.

Many US-based companies deliberately refrain from setting up operations in more repressive countries where their employees could face punishment for failing to adhere to a government request that would violate the human rights of their local users. The CCP has also successfully co-opted media owners, who then marginalize critical reporting in their own outlets, notably in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and outlets serving the Chinese diaspora. Occasionally, this extends to English-language media, as occurred in September 2018 when a partially Chinese-owned newspaper in South Africa discontinued a weekly column after its author wrote about abuses in Xinjiang. Separately, cyberattacks and physical assaults that are not conclusively traceable to central Chinese authorities but serve the party’s aims have taken place. The expansion of the CCP’s foreign media influence is a global campaign, and the United States is among its targets. The results have already affected the news consumption of millions of Americans.

In late 2018, the home of a 70-year-old investigative journalist was torched. That attack was egregious enough to prompt a response—a ruling party official was detained and stripped of his position for allegedly ordering it. However, that such a severe, apparently premeditated attack took place at all underscored the widespread perception in Serbia that independent journalists operate at their own risk. Harassment can also take more direct forms, such as physical attacks and threats. Instead, political leaders signal that hostility toward journalists is permissible, including by standing down in the wake of aggression against them rather than insisting on a timely and effective follow-up, or by deploying proxies to delegitimize their work.

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At the same time, these interactions give bosses an opportunity to learn about their direct reports on a personal level, to develop mutual respect and begin to distinguish between the person and the performance. Companies should seek out local expertise on the political and cultural context in markets where they have a presence or where their products are widely used.

Countries where the recent populist upsurge is coupled with a media market that suffers from systemic problems—such as the deep intertwining of political and economic interests as seen in Romania or Italy—are particularly vulnerable to illiberal co-optation. Policymakers should identify and expose the methods taken from the illiberal toolbox and urge democratic governments to combat their use in vulnerable markets. Foreign assistance, where applicable, should include efforts to shore up press freedom. Antitrust actions can help stimulate competition, making platforms more likely to improve their services in response to public pressure. Regulatory interventions can also be used to strengthen users’ privacy and control over their own data, and to bolster safeguards against hacking and other cybersecurity threats.

The collapse of the Ant Financial stock listing in October 2020 over risks to financial stability precipitated the initial crackdown. In 2021, it expanded to include concerns over data collection and privacy, unfair competition, social stability, labor law violations and the impact on minors. Public officials should provide resources to universities, nongovernmental organizations, and investigative journalists working to understand, detect, and share instances of coordinated inauthentic activity, particularly by state and quasi-state actors.

Media Freedom: A Downward Spiral

Those that remain harmful even if labeled should be eliminated from the platform. Although today’s technology allows reasonably high accuracy in bot recognition, companies should also establish transparent remedial mechanisms to remove the bot designation from any account that may have been mislabeled. In Brazil, an investigation by the newspaperFolharevealed that business groups had illegally contributed to the successful 2018 campaign of far-right presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro by funding some $3 million in mass messages on WhatsApp. The groups also collected phone numbers through a third-party service, which is prohibited under Brazilian electoral laws. For years before the recent uprising against authoritarian ruler Omar al-Bashir, Sudanese girls had shared pictures of their romantic crushes in a Facebook group dedicated to digging up dirt on local boys—a sort of crowdsourced background check. But as security agents escalated their crackdown on the nascent antigovernment protest movement in September 2018, the network mobilized to identify and deter abuses by state security personnel.

And while public broadcasters in Serbia and Hungary have always been supportive of governments in power, the tone and nature of that support has dramatically shifted in recent years. Whereas previously they were more or less professional outlets with a slight bias, now they are government mouthpieces. The application of financial and economic pressure is an effective means for co-opting outlets. This technique takes advantage of the changing media business model, which has left many outlets cash-strapped. Governments can also plausibly deny responsibility for this strategy’s effects, as it relies on players on the market and in institutions supposedly outside the government’s control.